![]() ![]() This was the same year that Marina, alone in the small town of Yelabuga after a life of extreme poverty and obscurity in various émigré communities to which she could never emotionally belong, reached the point of exhaustion. Efron fought with the White Army in the civil war: his chequered career ended with execution in 1941. She enjoyed early literary success and an early marriage to Sergei Efron, with whom she had three children. When her mother died of TB, the 14-year-old willingly gave up her own piano studies and immersed herself in writing poetry. ![]() Tsvetaeva was the highly educated daughter of a professor of fine arts at Moscow University and a concert-pianist mother. ![]() Only in their poetry did Tsvetaeva and Mandelshtam fulfil the old Russian aphorism that "the poet outlives the Tsar". Pasternak and Akhmatova survived Stalin and eventually reaped limited acclaim outside their birthplace. The Soviet revolution and the subsequent power struggles fated these poets to become victims and heroic witnesses of historical trauma. ![]()
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